It establishes a wide array of mechanisms through which to achieve these goals, ranging from the 'pledge and review' of nationally determined contributions, to the engagement of non-state actors in global efforts to address climate change.ĭespite the diplomatic success of 195 member-states (MS) agreeing on such a consequential and legally binding text, the efficacy of the PA remains under intense scrutiny. The Paris Agreement (PA) presents an important opportunity to coordinate and strengthen the global response to climate change, setting global goals on mitigation, adaptation, and finance. One of the primary successes of the PA is in providing a platform for the exchange of experiences and ideas. This production of shared norms provides the most promising avenue for overcoming the current lack of ambition. Finally, the PA facilitates the diffusion of norms, enables learning and the sharing of best practices. It remains unclear to which extent the Paris Regime structure itself can induce significant ratcheting-up of ambition. Second, environmental effectiveness relies on national ambition, of which there is currently too little. However, a lack of clear reporting standards and comparable information renders the PA's transparency provisions ineffective. First, transparency is widely considered a precondition for the PA to be institutionally effective. We conclude with a narrative discussion of our findings, presenting three central themes. These cover loss and damage, finance, legal issues, international politics, experimental evidence, and studies on tracking progress on the PA's targets. Thirdly, we use scientometrics to identify six research clusters. Here we find mixed evidence, with potential drivers often qualified by more concrete barriers. Second, we carry out a content analysis, identifying common drivers of, barriers to, and recommendations for effectiveness. We find a diverse body of literature, albeit with a clear focus on mitigation, and identify adaptation and capacity building to be clear gaps. We split our analysis into three methodologically distinct sections: first we categorize the literature according to the mechanisms being studied. This review systematically maps the peer-reviewed literature on the PA, categorizing the available evidence on whether or not the 'Paris Regime' can be effective. The effectiveness of the PA's mechanisms in achieving its targets, however, has been questioned. The Paris Agreement (PA) sets out to strengthen the global response to climate change, setting targets for mitigation, adaptation, and finance, and establishing mechanisms through which to achieve these targets.
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